Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS)

Introduction

The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) is a psychological assessment tool designed to quantify a person's level of anxiety. Developed by Dr. William W. K. Zung in 1971, the scale aims to measure the severity of anxiety symptoms in individuals.

Test Instructions

For each item below, please check the column which best describes how often you felt or behaved this way during the past several days. Options range from 'A Little Of The Time' to 'Most Of The Time'.

Scoring Method

• Total Score: Sum of all 20 items, then multiply by 1.25 to get the standard score
• Positive items: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20 (scored normally)
• Negative items: 5, 9, 13, 17, 19 (reverse scored)
• Severity: Standard score 50-59 = mild anxiety, 60-69 = moderate anxiety, 70+ = severe anxiety

Dimension Explanation

1. Cognitive Symptoms：Worry, fear, or feeling of falling apart
2. Affective Symptoms：Nervousness, upset, or panicky feelings
3. Somatic Symptoms：Headaches, back pain, weakness, and fatigue
4. Autonomic Symptoms：Palpitations, breathing difficulties, or sweating

Notes

1. This scale is suitable for adults with anxiety symptoms
2. If the standard score is 50 or above, professional help is recommended
3. This scale is for screening purposes only and cannot replace professional diagnosis

References

• William WK Zung. A Rating Instrument for Anxiety Disorders. 12(6): Psychosomatics 371-379. 1971.